![]() ![]() Critically, these long-lasting relational effects can impede the capacity of parents to nurture and care for children, leading to ‘intergenerational cycles’ of trauma. Long-term associations with childhood maltreatment include smoking, eating disorders, adolescent and unplanned pregnancies, adverse birth outcomes, and a range of physical and psychological morbidities. Complex PTSD, caused by cumulative exposure to traumatic experiences that often involve interpersonal violation within a child’s care giving system (sometimes referred to as ‘developmental’ or ‘relational’ trauma), can occur in families, within the context of social institutions, and be exaberbated by cumulative traumatic experiences as an adult. These responses can be maintained into adulthood as part of a cluster of symptoms associated with recently proposed criteria for diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD). ![]() Conflicting infant attachment and defence (fear or ‘flight, fright and freeze’) systems can be activated in response to child maltreatment which can lead to internal confusion and behavioural responses that are an attempt to manage distress and promote self-regulation, but may also result in increased confusion and harm. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭhild maltreatment is a global health priority affecting 25 to 50% of children worldwide and can have profound and ongoing impacts on physical and social and emotional wellbeing and development. Research at MCRI is supported by the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support Program. HH was supported by an Australian NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (1080820). SB was supported by an NHMRC Research Fellowship (1103976). FM was supported by NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1111160). CC was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship (1088813), and Australian Endeavour Award (2017). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.įunding: Work on this review was supported by a grant from the Lowitja Institute Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Cooperative Research Centre (CRC). Received: OctoAccepted: FebruPublished: March 13, 2019Ĭopyright: © 2019 Chamberlain et al. PLoS ONE 14(3):Įditor: Stefano Federici, Università degli Studi di Perugia, ITALY (2019) Parenting after a history of childhood maltreatment: A scoping review and map of evidence in the perinatal period. We found twenty-two assessment tools for identifying parental childhood maltreatment history or impact.Ĭitation: Chamberlain C, Gee G, Harfield S, Campbell S, Brennan S, Clark Y, et al. ![]() However, several parenting interventions included elements which address parental history, and these reported positive effects on parent wellbeing. We found no specific perinatal interventions for parents with childhood maltreatment histories. Qualitative studies provide rich descriptions of parental experiences and views about healing strategies and support. Observational studies illustrate sociodemographic and mental health protective and risk factors that mediate/moderate intergenerational pathways to parental and child wellbeing. ![]() Theoretical constructs include: attachment, social learning, relational-developmental systems, family-systems and anger theories ‘hidden trauma’, resilience, post-traumatic growth and ‘Child Sexual Assault Healing’ and socioecological models. Most studies were conducted in the United States (42/55) and involved mothers only (43/55). We screened 6701 articles and included 55 studies (74 articles) involving more than 20,000 parents. We searched Medline, Psychinfo, Cinahl and Embase to. ![]()
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